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Acid Peels - Chemical PeelsAcid peel: A chemical peel is a anti aging skin care treatment technique to improve and smooth the texture of the facial skin using a chemical infusion that causes the skin to blister and eventually... peel away. The regenerated skin cells are usually smoother and less wrinkly than the old skin's appearance. Accordingly the antiaging product description "chemical peel" is derived. You may have seen "as seen on Oprah" skincare segments some of the types of chemical peels can be bought and applied without a medical license, however people are advised not to "home peel", but to seek qualified professional help from plastic surgeons or dermatologist with specific types of chemical peels before procedures are performed. Chemical peels are a procedure but much better than Botox injections. Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are naturally occuring organic acids like glycolic acid, a natural element of sugar cane juice and lactic acid, found in sour milk and tomato juice. This is the mildest of the peel formulas and produce light peels for treatment of fine wrinkles, areas of dryness, uneven pigmentation and acne. Alpha hydroxy acids can also be mixed with a facial wash or cream in lesser concentrations as part of a daily skin-care regimen to improve the skin's texture. AHA peels are used for: * reducing fine wrinkles * treating areas of dryness * reducing uneven pigmentation * aiding in the control of acne * smoothing rough dry skin * improving the texture of sun-damaged skin But, AHA peels can * sting * cause skin redness * mild skin irritations * cause skin dryness * take multiple treatments for the desired results Beta Hydroxy Acid Peels It's becoming more commonplace for Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA) peels to be used instead of the stronger (AHA) peels because of BHA's ability to get deeper into the skin's pores than AHA. Studies now show that BHA peels control oil and acne, as well as remove dead skin cells to an extent better than the AHA's, due to AHA's only working on the skin's surface. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), used as an intermediate to deep peeling agent. Typically in concentrations ranging from 20 to 50%. The depth of skin penetration is increased as the concentration increases, with 50% TCA penetrating into the reticular dermis. Concentrations higher than 35% are not recommended due to the high risk of scarring. Trichloroacetic acid peels: * are preferred for darker skinned peoples over Phenol * smooths out fine surface wrinkles * removes superficial blemishes * corrects skin pigmentation problems Trichloroacetic acid peels may: * require pretreatment with Retin-A or an AHA cream * require repeated treatments to maintain your results * require you to use sunblock for several months (this is a must) * They take several days to heal, depending on the peel's depth Phenol Peels Phenol is the strongest chemical solution and produces a deep skin peel. Recent studies suggest that phenol is most likely only a carrier for other active components in the solution, namely croton oil. Phenol alone produces only a light peel which is not effective for restructuring deeper dermal structures (such as wrinkles). The term Phenol-Croton oil peel was proposed as a better descriptor, but the pre-established terminology "phenol peel" continues to be the dominant term used, as the role of croton oil in the mix is not widely understood. The effects of phenol chemical peels are long lasting, and sometimes still readily apparent up to 20 years after the procedure. Improvements in the patient's skin can be quite dramatic. A single treatment usually achieves the desired result. Phenol peels can be used to: * correct blotches caused by over exposure to the sun or aging * smooth coarse deep facial wrinkles * remove pre-cancerous growths Phenol peels can: * pose a risk for people with heart problems * permanently remove your facial freckles * cause permanent skin lightening by reducing your skin's ability to produce pigment * take several months to heal completely * require you to use increased protection from the sun for the rest of your life Collagen I formation Most collagen formation happens in a similar manner, but this process is typical for type I: 1. Inside the cell 1. Three peptide chains are formed (2 alpha-1 and 1 alpha-2 chain) in ribosomes tandem to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER). These peptide chains (preprocollagen) have registration peptides on each end; and a signal peptide is also attached to each one. 2. Peptide chains are sent into the lumen of the (RER). 3. Signal Peptides are cleaved inside the RER & the chains are now known as pro-collagen 4. Hydroxylation (of lysine and proline amino acids) occurs inside the lumens. This process is dependent on (Vitamin C) Ascorbic Acid as a cofactor 5. Glycosylation of specific hydroxylated amino acid occurs. 6. Triple helical structures are formed inside the RER 7. Procollagen is shipped to the "golgi apparatus", where it's packaged and secreted by exocytosis 2. Outside the cell 1. Registration peptides are cleaving and tropocollagen is forming by procollagen peptidase. 2. Multiple tropocollagen molecules are forming collagen fibrils, and multiple collagen fibrils are forming into collagen fibers 3. Collagen is attaching to cell membranes via several types of protein, including fibronectin and integrin. Collagen has been abundantly used in cosmetic surgery and certain skin substitutes for burn patients. The cosmetic uses of collagen cream and collagen injections are declining because: 1. there's a high rate of allergic reactions causing prolonged redness of skin and requiring patch testing prior to cosmetic use, and 2. most medical collagen is derived from cows, which poses the risk of transmitting prion diseases like BSE 3. alternatives using the person's own fat, hyaluronic acids or polyacrylamide gels are readily available. Collagens are still employed in construction of artificial skin-substitutes used in severe burn cases. These collagens can be bovine or porcine and are used in combination with silicones, glycosaminoglycans, fibroblast, growth factor and other substances. Collagen is also currently sold commercially as a joint mobility supplement. |
